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Respiratory diseases may take different forms throughout the life of a horse. The equine ventilatory environment and exposure to recurring viruses may cause coughing and decreased airway responsiveness lasting from a few days up to several months.
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Progressive clinical signs of this disorder are persistent with intermittent cough, poor exercise tolerance, appearance of an abdominal lift, and finally severe respiratory distress. Large numbers of inflammatory cells are located in the airway and contribute to airway hyperactivity, excess mucus production and obstruction of the airways. Treatment objectives in horses with small airway disease include controlling airway inflammation and alleviating airway obstruction. This may be achieved to a limited extent by reducing exposure to environmental irritants such as molds and dust present in feed and bedding and by providing adequate ventilation. Further reduction in the severity of the disease does however require a progressive therapy regime.